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[(measured.)-572(The)-572(waste)-572(tray)111(,)-572(water)-572(delivery)-572(line,)-572(and)-572(food)]TJ T* [(holder)-413(were)-413(all)-413(supported)-413(outside)-413(of)-413(the)-413(cage)-413(so)-413(that)-413(their)]TJ T* [(weight)-357(did)-357(not)-357(bear)-357(on)-357(the)-357(balance.)-357(When)-357(the)-357(rat)-357(had)-357(been)]TJ 29.333 40 Td [(transferred)-343(into)-343(the)-343(cage)-343(for)-343(the)-343(start)-343(of)-343(weight)-343(control,)-343(the)]TJ 0 -1.122 TD [(balance)-234(was)-234(tared)-234(to)-234(zero.)-234(The)-234(digital)-234(signal)-234(from)-234(the)-234(balance)]TJ T* [(was)-221(fed)-221(to)-221(an)-221(80386)-221(microcomputer)-221(as)-221(the)-221(input)-221(signal)-221(for)-221(the)]TJ 0 -1.122 TD [(servo-control)-215(algorithm)-215(that)-215(was)-215(written)-215(using)-215(Labtech)-215(Note-)]TJ 0 -1.122 TD [(book)-371(software.)-371(The)-371(computer)-371(was)-371(connected)-371(to)-371(a)-371(peristaltic)]TJ T* 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[(Therefore,)-276(the)-276(weight)-276(of)-276(the)-276(rat)-276(was)-276(kept)-276(at)-276(a)-276(constant)-276(value)]TJ T* [(through)-404(this)-404(feedback)-404(control)-404(of)-404(its)-404(water)-404(supply)111(,)-404(although)]TJ 0 -1.122 TD [(the)-437(rat)-437(constantly)-437(had)-437(free)-437(access)-437(to)-437(food)-437(and)-437(water)74(.)-437(Rats)]TJ 0 -1.122 TD [(promptly)-253(drank)-253(essentially)-253(all)-253(of)-253(the)-253(water)-253(delivered)-253(into)-253(the)]TJ T* [(pan)-304(with)-304(little)-304(or)-304(no)-304(spillage.)-304(Because)-304(rats)-304(would)-304(grasp)-304(onto)]TJ T* [(the)-324(food)-324(holder)-324(for)-324(up)-324(to)-324(2)-324(min)-324(while)-324(they)-324(were)-324(eating,)-324(thus)]TJ T* [(reducing)-307(the)-307(weight)-307(bearing)-307(on)-307(the)-307(balance)-307(by)-307(10)-307(g)-307(or)-307(more,)]TJ T* [(the)-412(output)-412(signal)-412(from)-412(the)-412(computer)-412(was)-412(set)-412(with)-412(a)-412(5-min)]TJ T* [(delay)111(.)-276(That)-276(is,)-276(only)-276(a)-276(decline)-276(in)-276(weight)-276(of)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 19.083 0 Td ($)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(1)-276(g)-276(that)-276(persisted)]TJ -19.915 -1.122 Td [(for)-537(5)-537(min)-537(caused)-537(the)-537(pump)-537(to)-537(deliver)-537(water)-537(to)-537(the)-537(rat')37(s)]TJ T* [(drinking)-254(pan.)-254(This)-254(delay)-254(avoided)-254(the)-254(errors)-254(in)-254(water)-254(delivery)]TJ T* [(that)-420(would)-420(have)-420(resulted)-420(from)-420(balance)-420(changes)-420(due)-420(to)-420(the)]TJ T* [(normal)-233(activity)-233(of)-233(the)-233(rats.)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 1.111 -1.122 Td [(Experimental)-380(measurements.)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 13.847 0 Td [(Arterial)-380(and)-380(central)-380(venous)]TJ -14.958 -1.122 Td [(pressures)-384(were)-384(measured)-384(simultaneously)-384(from)-384(the)-384(indwell-)]TJ T* [(ing)-458(catheters)-458(in)-458(the)-458(carotid)-458(artery)-458(and)-458(jugular)-458(vein)-458(using)]TJ T* [(Statham)-294(strain)-294(gauge)-294(transducers)-294(\(P23Db\))-294(that)-294(were)-294(placed)]TJ T* [(at)-228(heart)-228(level)-228(of)-228(the)-228(rat.)-228(Each)-228(transducer)-228(was)-228(calibrated)-228(daily)]TJ T* [(with)-422(a)-422(water)-422(manometer)-422(before)-422(the)-422(study)111(.)-367(At)-422(least)-422(30-min)]TJ T* [(recordings)-273(of)-273(both)-273(pressures)-273(were)-273(performed)-273(at)-273(noon)-273(on)-273(each)]TJ T* [(day)-208(when)-208(the)-208(rats)-208(were)-208(quiescent,)-208(and)-208(the)-208(most)-208(stable)-208(10-min)]TJ T* [(segment)-225(was)-225(extracted)-225(for)-225(analysis.)-225(The)-225(raw)-225(pressure)-225(signals)]TJ T* [(\(voltages\))-199(were)-199(ampli\256ed)-199(on)-199(a)-199(Sensormedics)-199(R-61)55(1)-199(polygraph,)]TJ T* [(sampled)-306(at)-306(300)-306(Hz)-306(and)-306(then)-306(digitized)-306(by)-306(a)-306(Data)-306(T)62(ranslation)]TJ T* [(A/D)-222(board)-222(\(DT)-222(2801\).)-223(The)-222(digital)-223(signals)-223(were)-222(averaged)-222(every)]TJ T* [(second)-360(and)-360(stored)-360(on)-360(the)-360(hard)-360(drive)-360(of)-360(an)-360(80386)-360(microcom-)]TJ T* [(puter)74(.)-243(The)-243(daily)-243(pressure)-243(was)-243(obtained)-243(by)-243(taking)-243(the)-243(average)]TJ T* [(of)-233(the)-233(10-min)-233(segment.)]TJ 1.111 -1.122 Td [(Plasma)-535(volume)-535(was)-535(estimated)-535(from)-535(the)-535(distribution)-535(of)]TJ -1.111 -1.122 Td [(intravenously)-251(administered)-251(Evans)-251(blue)-251(solution.)-251(The)-251(plasma)]TJ T* [(concentration)-276(of)-276(Evans)-276(blue)-276(was)-276(measured)-276(spectrophotomet-)]TJ T* [(rically)-270(\(Gilford,)-271(Response)-270(II\))-270(from)-270(a)-270(0.2-ml)-270(sample)-270(of)-270(arterial)]TJ T* [(blood)-359(withdrawn)-359(5)-359(min)-359(after)-359(the)-359(injection)-359(of)-359(0.2)-359(ml)-359(of)-359(0.1%)]TJ T* [(Evans)-316(blue)-316(solution,)-316(as)-316(described)-316(by)-316(Belcher)-316(and)-316(Harris)-316(\(1\).)]TJ T* [(The)-231(plasma)-231(volume)-231(was)-231(calculated)-231(from)-231(the)-231(amount)-231(of)-231(Evans)]TJ T* [(blue)-233(injected)-233(divided)-233(by)-233(its)-233(plasma)-233(concentration.)]TJ 1.111 -1.122 Td [(The)-223(hematocrit)-223(and)-223(the)-223(concentrations)-223(of)-223(Na)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 5.987 0 0 5.987 504.915 230.482 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 8.98 0 0 8.98 511.904 227.738 Tm [(and)-223(K)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 5.987 0 0 5.987 536.524 230.482 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 8.98 0 0 8.98 543.513 227.738 Tm (were)Tj -25.782 -1.122 Td [(measured)-362(from)-362(a)-362(0.25-ml)-362(sample)-362(of)-362(arterial)-362(blood.)-362(Approxi-)]TJ 0 -1.122 TD [(mately)-365(0.05)-365(ml)-365(of)-365(blood)-365(was)-365(drawn)-365(into)-365(four)-365(microcapillary)]TJ 0 -1.122 TD [(tubes)-557(and)-557(spun)-557(on)-557(a)-557(Fisher)-557(Micro-Hematocrit)-557(centrifuge)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(\(model)-528(335\))-528(for)-528(3)-528(min;)-528(the)-528(four)-528(values)-528(were)-528(averaged)-528(to)]TJ T* [(estimate)-330(the)-330(hematocrit.)-330(The)-330(remaining)-330(0.2)-329(ml)-330(of)-330(blood)-329(was)]TJ T* [(centrifuged)-312(in)-312(an)-312(IEC)-312(MicroMax)-312(centrifuge)-312(at)-312(3,000)-312(rpm)-311(for)]TJ T* [(3)-236(min,)-236(and)-236(0.1)-236(ml)-236(of)-236(plasma)-236(was)-236(separated)-236(for)-236(the)-236(determina-)]TJ T* [(tion)-467(of)-467(Na)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 5.987 0 0 5.987 356.46 150.361 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 8.98 0 0 8.98 365.64 147.617 Tm [(and)-467(K)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 5.987 0 0 5.987 392.452 150.361 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 8.98 0 0 8.98 401.632 147.617 Tm [(concentrations)-467(with)-467(an)-467(IL)-449(943)-467(Flame)]TJ -9.983 -1.111 Td [(Photometer)74(.)]TJ 1.111 -1.111 Td [(Salt)-399(consumption)-399(was)-399(estimated)-399(from)-399(the)-399(product)-399(of)-399(the)]TJ -1.111 -1.111 Td [(mass)-383(of)-383(food)-383(eaten)-383(and)-383(the)-383(fractional)-383(content)-383(of)-383(salt)-383(in)-383(the)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(chow)92(.)-234(Food)-234(consumption)-234(was)-234(estimated)-234(by)-234(weighing)-234(the)-234(daily)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(changes)-654(in)-654(the)-654(amount)-654(of)-654(food)-654(in)-654(the)-654(food)-654(holder)-654(and)]TJ T* [(subtracting)-223(the)-223(food)-223(debris)-223(in)-223(the)-223(waste)-223(tray)111(.)-223(W)74(ater)-223(consump-)]TJ T* [(tion)-295(was)-295(recorded)-295(from)-295(the)-295(daily)-295(changes)-295(in)-295(volume)-295(of)-295(water)]TJ T* [(in)-401(the)-401(syringe)-401(that)-401(served)-401(as)-401(a)-401(reservoir)-401(for)-401(the)-401(peristaltic)]TJ T* (pump.)Tj ET q 252 0 0 196 48.5688019 150.3665924 cm /Im0 Do Q BT /T1_0 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 48.569 138.569 Tm [(Fig.)-234(1.)-556(Feedback)-234(control)-234(of)-234(body)-234(weight.)-234(T)92(otal)-234(weight)-234(of)-234(cage)-234(and)-234(rat,)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(including)-517(tether)-517(and)-517(\257uid)-517(delivery)-517(system,)-517(was)-517(measured)-517(by)-517(an)]TJ T* [(electronic)-461(balance)-461(while)-461(waste)-461(tray)111(,)-461(water)-461(delivery)-461(line,)-461(and)-461(food)]TJ T* [(holder)-386(were)-386(supported)-386(outside)-386(of)-386(balance)-386(system.)-386(Changes)-386(of)-386(body)]TJ T* [(weight)-574(were)-574(detected)-574(and)-574(set)-574(within)-574(range)-574(from)-574(0)-574(to)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 27.333 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.574 Tc 0.833 0 Td [(1gb)574(y)]TJ 0 Tc -28.166 -1.125 Td [(computer)-451(that)-451(was)-451(connected)-451(to)-451(a)-451(perstaltic)-451(water)-451(pump,)-451(so)-451(that)]TJ T* [(pump)-369(was)-369(turned)-369(on)-369(and)-369(o)10(f)28(f)-369(when)-369(changes)-369(of)-369(weight)-369(exceeded)-369(low)]TJ T* [(and)-406(high)-406(limits.)-406(Thus)-406(input)-406(\(food)-406(and)-406(water\))-406(was)-406(always)-406(equal)-406(to)]TJ T* [(output)-561(\(urination,)-561(defecation,)-561(and)-561(insensible)-561(loss)-561(of)-561(water\),)-561(and)]TJ T* [(weight)-233(of)-233(rat)-233(was)-233(kept)-233(constant.)]TJ 9.978 0 0 9.978 534.05 744.772 Tm (R1393)Tj 7.982 0 0 7.982 199.593 744.772 Tm [(MECHANISMS)-366(OF)-366(BLOOD)-366(PRESSURE)-366(REGULA)55(TION)]TJ ET 0 G 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d /GS1 gs 588 18 16 756 re 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m S 0 g /GS1 gs BT /T1_4 1 Tf 0 -9 9 0 593 348.9886 Tm ( on May 20, 2008 )Tj 0 0 1 rg ET /GS1 gs BT /T1_4 1 Tf 0 -9 9 0 593 439.5285 Tm (ajpregu.physiology.org)Tj 0 g ET /GS1 gs BT /T1_4 1 Tf 0 -9 9 0 593 512.5543 Tm (Downloaded from )Tj ET endstream endobj 123 0 obj<> endobj 124 0 obj<> endobj 125 0 obj[123 0 R] endobj 126 0 obj<> endobj 130 0 obj<>stream 0 0 0 1 k 1 i /GS0 gs BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 8.98 0 0 8.98 58.547 721.519 Tm [(Experimental)-231(protocols)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 10.541 0 Td [(.)-231(Five)-231(groups)-231(of)-231(rats)-231(were)-231(chosen)-231(for)]TJ -11.652 -1.111 Td [(study)-300(on)-300(the)-300(basis)-300(of)-300(strain,)-300(salt)-300(diet,)-300(and)-300(control)-300(or)-300(noncon-)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(trol)-371(of)-371(body)-371(weight.)-371(For)-371(SS/Jr)-371(rats,)-371(there)-371(were)-371(four)-371(groups:)]TJ T* [(SS/Jr)-204(rats)-204(on)-204(0.2%)-204(NaCl)-204(chow)92(,)-204(body)-204(weight)-204(not)-204(controlled,)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 26.355 0 Td (n)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.815 0 Td (5)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf -27.17 -1.111 Td [(7;)-357(SS/Jr)-357(on)-357(0.2%)-357(NaCl)-357(chow)92(,)-357(body)-357(weight)-357(controlled,)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 25.012 0 Td (n)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.968 0 Td (5)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.19 0 Td (8;)Tj -27.169 -1.111 Td [(SS/Jr)-350(on)-350(4%)-350(NaCl)-350(chow)92(,)-350(body)-350(weight)-350(controlled,)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 22.934 0 Td (n)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.961 0 Td (5)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.183 0 Td [(7;)-350(and)]TJ -25.078 -1.111 Td [(SS/Jr)-207(on)-207(4%)-207(NaCl,)-207(body)-207(weight)-207(not)-207(controlled,)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 21.046 0 Td (n)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.818 0 Td (5)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.04 0 Td [(6.)-207(Only)-207(one)]TJ -22.904 -1.111 Td [(group)-326(of)-326(SR/Jr)-326(rats)-326(was)-326(studied,)-326(SR/Jr)-326(given)-326(4%)-326(NaCl)-326(chow)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(while)-243(body)-243(weight)-243(was)-243(controlled)-243(at)-243(zero)-243(change)-243(\()]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 22.61 0 Td (n)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.854 0 Td (5)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.076 0 Td [(6\).)-243(This)]TJ -24.54 -1.111 Td [(is)-217(the)-217(only)-217(group)-216(that)-217(would)-216(provide)-217(new)-216(information)-216(because)]TJ T* [(numerous)-353(studies)-353(have)-353(already)-353(shown)-353(that)-353(SR/Jr)-353(are)-353(resis-)]TJ T* [(tant)-233(to)-233(salt-induced)-233(increases)-233(in)-233(blood)-233(pressure)-233(\(26\).)]TJ 1.111 -1.111 Td [(Seven)-430(days)-430(after)-430(surgery)-430(for)-430(instrumentation,)-430(rats)-430(were)]TJ -0.003 Tc -1.111 -1.111 Td [(transferred)-196(into)-196(the)-196(modi\256ed)-196(metabolic)-196(cages)-196(described)-196(above.)]TJ 0 Tc T* [(Then)-216(4)-216(days)-216(were)-216(allowed)-216(for)-216(them)-216(to)-216(adapt)-216(to)-216(the)-216(experimen-)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(tal)-440(environment)-440(while)-440(ingesting)-440(the)-440(low-salt)-440(chow)92(.)-440(During)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(this)-318(period,)-318(control)-318(measurements)-318(were)-318(performed)-318(to)-318(obtain)]TJ T* [(the)-225(baseline)-225(data)-225(of)-225(hemodynamic)-225(variables.)-170(After)-225(the)-225(control)]TJ T* [(period,)-227(rats)-227(were)-227(randomly)-227(chosen)-227(to)-227(have)-227(body)-227(weight)-227(either)]TJ T* [(controlled)-409(or)-409(not)-409(controlled)-409(while)-409(receiving)-409(food)-409(containing)]TJ T* [(either)-423(low)-423(salt)-423(\(0.2%)-423(NaCl\))-423(or)-423(high)-423(salt)-423(\(4%)-423(NaCl\))-423(for)-423(the)]TJ T* [(subsequent)-656(4)-656(days)-656(of)-656(study)111(.)-656(Body)-656(weight)-656(was)-656(recorded)]TJ T* [(continuously)-258(throughout)-258(the)-258(experiments)-258(in)-258(all)-258(rats.)-203(Arterial)]TJ T* [(and)-655(central)-655(venous)-655(blood)-655(pressures,)-655(hematocrit,)-655(plasma)]TJ T* [(sodium)-435(and)-435(potassium)-435(concentrations,)-435(and)-435(food)-435(and)-435(water)]TJ T* [(consumption)-358(were)-358(measured)-358(every)-358(day)111(.)-358(The)-358(plasma)-358(volume)]TJ T* [(was)-385(measured)-385(every)-385(fourth)-385(day)-385(to)-385(minimize)-385(blood)-385(loss)-385(and)]TJ T* (because)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 3.911 0 Td (,)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(48)-56(\261)-56(72)-281(h)-281(are)-281(needed)-281(for)-281(the)-281(rat)-281(to)-281(clear)-281(Evans)-281(blue)]TJ -4.744 -1.111 Td [(solution)-353(from)-353(its)-354(blood.)-299(A)-299(maximum)-353(of)-354(0.65)-353(ml)-354(of)-354(blood)-353(was)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(withdrawn)-231(for)-231(the)-231(measurement)-231(of)-231(plasma)-231(volume)-231(\(including)]TJ 0 -1.111 TD [(0.2)-276(ml)-276(for)-276(control)-276(reading)-276(before)-276(the)-276(injection)-276(of)-276(Evans)-276(blue\),)]TJ T* [(hematocrit,)-485(and)-485(plasma)-485(sodium)-485(and)-485(potassium)-485(concentra-)]TJ T* [(tions)-566(on)-566(the)-566(same)-566(day)111(.)-566(This)-566(amount)-566(of)-566(blood)-566(represents)]TJ T* [(2.5)-56(\261)-56(3.0%)-382(of)-382(the)-382(estimated)-382(total)-382(blood)-382(volume.)-382(The)-382(erythro-)]TJ T* [(cytes)-471(from)-471(the)-471(blood)-471(sample)-471(were)-471(resuspended)-471(in)-471(isotonic)]TJ T* [(saline)-233(and)-233(given)-233(back)-233(to)-233(the)-233(animal.)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 1.111 -1.111 Td [(Statistical)-290(analysis.)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.429 0 Td [(Data)-290(are)-290(presented)-290(as)-290(mean)-290(values)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 16.632 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf -27.173 -1.111 Td [(SE.)-212(Mean)-212(arterial)-212(pressure)-212(and)-212(plasma)-212(sodium)-212(concentration)]TJ T* [(were)-436(compared)-436(with)-436(the)-436(average)-436(of)-436(their)-436(control)-436(measure-)]TJ T* [(ments)-211(within)-211(the)-211(group.)-211(The)-211(signi\256cance)-211(of)-211(di)10(f)28(ferences)-211(within)]TJ 0.016 Tc T* [(and)-680(between)-680(each)-680(group)-680(were)-680(evaluated)-680(by)-680(repeated-)]TJ 0 Tc T* [(measures)-387(ANOV)111(A)-387(followed)-442(by)-442(Student-Newman-Keuls)-442(test)]TJ T* [(for)-274(multiple)-274(comparison)-274(with)-274(a)-274(signi\256cance)-274(level)-274(of)-274(0.05.)-274(The)]TJ T* [(relationship)-568(between)-568(mean)-568(arterial)-568(pressure)-568(and)-568(plasma)]TJ T* [(sodium)-566(concentration)-566(was)-566(evaluated)-566(by)-566(linear)-566(regression)]TJ T* (analysis.)Tj /T1_4 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 48.569 254.846 Tm [(RESUL)55(TS)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.978 0 0 9.978 58.547 236.894 Tm [(The)-204(control)-204(measurements)-204(of)-204(mean)-204(arterial)-204(pressure,)]TJ -1 -1.1 Td [(plasma)-429(sodium)-429(concentration,)-429(body)-429(weight)-429(gain,)-429(and)]TJ 0 -1.1 TD [(salt)-283(and)-283(water)-283(intake)-283(for)-283(all)-283(\256ve)-283(groups)-283(of)-283(animals)-283(are)]TJ 26.4 50.7 Td [(summarized)-506(in)-506(T)62(able)-506(1.)-506(These)-506(values)-506(represent)-506(the)]TJ 0 -1.11 TD [(average)-304(of)-304(the)-304(4)-304(days)-304(of)-304(control)-304(on)-304(low)-304(salt)-304(\(individual)]TJ T* [(daily)-220(values)-220(for)-220(these)-220(variables)-220(are)-220(represented)-220(in)-220(Figs.)]TJ 0.056 Tc T* [(2\2616)-175(a)56(s)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 3.261 0 Td (days)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 2.36 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (3)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.787 0 Td (through)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 3.934 0 Td [(day)-231(0)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 2.528 0 Td [(\).)-231(The)-231(blood)-231(pressures)-231(for)]TJ -13.703 -1.11 Td [(all)-261(the)-261(salt-sensitive)-261(\(S\))-261(groups)-261(of)-261(rats)-261(were)-261(not)-261(signi\256-)]TJ T* [(cantly)-303(di)10(f)28(ferent)-303(from)-303(each)-303(other)74(.)-303(The)-303(blood)-303(pressure)-303(of)]TJ T* [(the)-484(salt-resistant)-484(\(R\))-484(rats)-484(was)-484(on)-484(average,)-484(however)74(,)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf T* (,)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(25)-544(mmHg)-544(lower)-544(than)-544(the)-544(S)-544(rats.)-544(Plasma)-544(sodium)]TJ -0.833 -1.11 Td [(concentration)-360(was)-360(signi\256cantly)-360(elevated)-360(in)-360(the)-360(R)-360(rats)]TJ T* [(compared)-444(with)-444(all)-444(other)-444(groups.)-444(The)-444(S)-444(rats)-444(on)-444(0.2%)]TJ T* [(NaCl)-251(\()]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 2.992 0 Td (1)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.084 0 Td [(body)-251(weight)-251(control\))-251(and)-251(the)-251(R)-251(rats)-251(ate)-251(a)-251(little)]TJ -4.076 -1.1 Td [(less)-553(salt)-553(than)-553(the)-553(other)-553(groups)-553(during)-553(the)-553(control.)]TJ -0.001 Tc 0 -1.1 TD [(There)-198(were)-198(no)-198(signi\256cant)-198(di)10(f)27(ferences)-198(in)-198(water)-198(consump-)]TJ 0 Tc T* [(tion)-214(or)-214(body)-214(weight)-214(gain)-214(between)-214(the)-214(\256ve)-214(groups)-214(during)]TJ T* [(the)-233(4)-233(control)-233(days.)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 1 -1.1 Td [(SS/Jr)-482(rats)-482(on)-482(high-salt)-482(diet,)-482(without)-482(body)-482(weight)]TJ -1 -1.1 Td (control)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 3.184 0 Td [(.)-447(As)-502(shown)-502(in)-502(Fig.)-502(2,)-502(mean)-502(arterial)-502(pressure)]TJ -3.184 -1.1 Td [(increased)-226(from)-226(an)-226(average)-226(of)-226(125.0)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 16.061 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.059 0 Td [(4.8)-226(mmHg)-226(during)]TJ -17.12 -1.1 Td [(the)-239(4)-239(control)-239(days)-239(to)-239(139.8)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 12.215 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.072 0 Td [(3.9)-239(mmHg)-239(on)-239(the)-239(\256rst)-239(day)]TJ -13.287 -1.1 Td [(of)-320(the)-320(high-salt)-320(diet.)-320(This)-320(pressure)-320(increase)-320(continued)]TJ T* [(and)-347(reached)-347(a)-347(peak)-347(of)-347(155.4)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 13.565 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.18 0 Td [(4.0)-347(mmHg)-347(on)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 6.689 0 Td [(day)-347(4)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 2.935 0 Td (of)Tj -24.368 -1.1 Td [(high-salt)-290(chow)92(.)-235(All)-290(the)-290(pressures)-290(during)-290(4)-290(days)-290(of)-290(high)]TJ T* [(salt)-275(were)-275(signi\256cantly)-275(higher)-275(than)-275(their)-275(control)-275(values)]TJ T* [(on)-220(low)-220(salt,)-220(and)-220(the)-220(change)-220(in)-220(pressure)-220(from)-220(the)-220(control)]TJ T* (to)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.211 0 Td [(day)-322(4)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 2.885 0 Td [(of)-322(the)-322(high-salt)-322(diet)-322(was)-322(30.4)-322(mmHg.)-322(Plasma)]TJ -4.096 -1.1 Td [(sodium)-214(concentration)-214(also)-214(increased)-214(from)-214(an)-214(average)-214(of)]TJ T* (142.3)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 2.702 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.033 0 Td [(0.2)-200(meq/l)-200(during)-200(4)-200(days)-200(of)-200(the)-200(control)-200(to)-200(143.8)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 20.635 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf -24.37 -1.1 Td [(0.6)-433(meq/l)-433(on)-433(the)-433(\256rst)-433(day)-433(of)-433(high)-433(salt)-433(and)-433(remained)]TJ T* [(elevated)-387(for)-387(the)-387(next)-387(3)-387(days.)-387(Changing)-387(the)-387(food)-387(from)]TJ T* [(low)-382(salt)-382(to)-382(high)-382(salt)-382(caused)-382(an)-382(approximate)-382(18.7-fold)]TJ 0 -1.1 TD [(increase)-546(in)-546(daily)-546(salt)-546(intake.)-546(W)74(ater)-546(intake)-546(was)-546(in-)]TJ T* [(creased)-526(from)-526(the)-526(average)-526(of)-526(24.8)-526(to)-526(67.6)-526(ml/day)-526(in)]TJ T* [(response)-238(to)-238(the)-238(increased)-238(salt)-238(intake.)-238(Body)-238(weight)-238(gain)]TJ T* [(continued)-203(on)-203(a)-203(daily)-203(basis,)-203(however)74(,)-203(without)-203(di)10(f)28(ferences)]TJ T* [(between)-233(low)-233(salt)-233(and)-233(high)-233(salt.)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 1 -1.1 Td [(SS/Jr)-369(rats)-369(on)-369(high-salt)-369(diet,)-369(with)-369(body)-369(weight)-369(con-)]TJ -1 -1.1 Td (trol)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.629 0 Td [(.)-217(For)-217(this)-217(group,)-217(control)-217(of)-217(body)-217(weight)-217(at)-217(a)-217(constant)]TJ -1.629 -1.1 Td [(value)-210(was)-210(started)-210(at)-210(the)-210(same)-210(time)-210(\()]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 16.383 0 Td [(day)-210(0)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 2.507 0 Td [(\))-210(that)-210(the)-210(food)]TJ -18.89 -1.1 Td [(was)-387(switched)-387(from)-387(low)-387(salt)-387(to)-387(high)-387(salt.)-332(As)-387(shown)-387(in)]TJ T* [(Fig.)-537(3,)-537(the)-537(blood)-537(pressure)-537(increased)-537(from)-537(a)-537(control)]TJ T* [(value)-321(of)-321(133.1)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 6.816 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.154 0 Td [(2.9)-321(to)-321(145.9)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 5.743 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.154 0 Td [(3.7)-321(mmHg)-321(on)-321(the)-321(\256rst)]TJ -14.866 -1.1 Td [(day)-588(of)-588(high)-588(salt.)-588(It)-588(continued)-588(to)-588(rise)-588(and)-588(reached)]TJ 0 -1.1 TD (165.2)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 2.756 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.087 0 Td [(2.8)-254(mmHg)-254(on)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 6.411 0 Td [(day)-254(4)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 2.495 0 Td [(.)-199(All)-254(the)-254(pressures)-254(during)-254(4)]TJ -12.748 -1.1 Td [(days)-384(of)-384(high)-384(salt)-384(were)-384(signi\256cantly)-384(higher)-384(than)-384(their)]TJ T* [(control)-430(values,)-430(and)-430(the)-430(net)-430(increase)-430(in)-430(pressure)-430(was)]TJ T* [(32.1)-362(mmHg)-362(from)-362(the)-362(control.)-362(The)-362(high)-362(salt)-362(plus)-362(body)]TJ T* [(weight)-303(control)-303(caused)-303(plasma)-303(sodium)-303(concentration)-303(to)]TJ -26.4 -2.9 Td [(T)62(able)-250(1.)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 4.116 0 Td [(A)20(verage)-250(of)-250(MAP)129(,)-250([Na)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 6.486 0 1.006 6.486 183.565 189.006 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.978 0 0 9.978 189.523 186.012 Tm [(]p,)-250(body)-250(weight)-250(gain,)-250(salt)-250(and)-250(water)-250(intake)-250(for)-250(all)-250(5)-250(groups)-250(of)-250(rats)]TJ -14.127 -1.1 Td [(during)-250(4)-250(days)-250(of)-250(control)]TJ ET 0 0 0 1 K 0.499 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 48.569 169.257 m 563.431 169.257 l 48.569 166.762 m 563.431 166.762 l 48.569 76.921 m 563.431 76.921 l 160.781 151.027 m 550.04 151.027 l 48.569 128.307 m 563.431 128.307 l S BT /T1_1 1 Tf 6.985 0 0 6.985 86.213 133.546 Tm (Groups)Tj 27.819 3.253 Td [(A)74(verage)-250(of)-250(Control)-250(Measurements)-250(\(0.2%)-250(NaCl\))]TJ -15.686 -2.11 Td [(S,)-250(4%)-250(NaCl,)]TJ -1.457 -1.143 Td [(no)-250(body)-250(wt)-250(control)]TJ 13.423 1.143 Td [(S,)-250(4%)-250(NaCl,)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf -1.194 -1.143 Td (1)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(body)-250(wt)-250(control)]TJ 11.91 1.143 Td [(S,)-250(0.2%)-250(NaCl,)]TJ -1.041 -1.143 Td [(no)-250(body)-250(wt)-250(control)]TJ 13.007 1.143 Td [(S,)-250(0.2%)-250(NaCl,)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf -0.777 -1.143 Td (1)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(body)-250(wt)-250(control)]TJ 12.017 1.143 Td [(R,)-250(4%)-250(NaCl,)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf -1.148 -1.143 Td (1)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(body)-250(wt)-250(control)]TJ 7.982 0 0 7.982 61.96 118.08 Tm [(MAP)129(,)-249(mmHg)-7173(125.0)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 15.665 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(4.8*)-5023(133.1)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.526 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(2.9*)-5023(135.3)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.526 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(6.7*)-5273(137.1)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.776 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(3.9*)-4792(107.6)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.295 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (2.6)Tj -58.509 -1.125 Td ([Na)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 5.488 0 0 5.488 75.56 111.594 Tm (1)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 80.577 109.1 Tm [(]p,)-249(meq/l)-6748(142.3)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 13.333 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.2*)-5023(142.2)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.526 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.3*)-5023(142.6)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.526 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.3*)-5273(142.6)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.776 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.2*)-4792(145.4)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.295 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (1.2)Tj -58.509 -1.125 Td [(Body)-249(wt)-249(gain,)-249(g/day)-5137(6.1)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 15.665 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.4)-6634(4.8)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.526 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.6)-6634(4.0)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.526 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.8)-6884(5.5)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.776 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.9)-6404(3.0)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.295 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.8)Tj -58.509 -1.125 Td [(Salt)-249(in,)-249(meq/day)-6126(0.90)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 15.665 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.05*)-5023(0.92)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.526 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.06*)-5023(0.86)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.526 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.06*)-5273(0.80)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.776 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.08)-5292(0.73)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.295 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.06)Tj -58.509 -1.125 Td [(W)74(ater)-249(in,)-249(ml/day)-5961(24.8)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 15.665 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.6)-6079(26.9)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.526 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.2)-6079(25.5)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.526 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.6)-6329(26.1)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.776 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.8)-5848(26.0)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 9.295 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (1.1)Tj -59.187 -1.933 Td [(V)92(alues)-307(are)-307(means)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 8.514 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.14 0 Td [(SE.)-307(*)-111(Signi\256cantly)-307(di)10(f)28(ferent)-307(from)-307(value)-307(of)-307(SR/Jr)-307(\(R\))-307(group)-307(\()]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 27.368 0 Td (P)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 0.778 0 Td (,)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.05\).)-307(S,)-307(SS/Jr;)-307(MAP)129(,)-307(mean)-307(arterial)-307(pressure;)-307([Na)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 5.488 0 0 5.488 549.133 69.222 Tm (1)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 554.15 66.728 Tm (]p,)Tj -63.337 -1.125 Td [(plasma)-233(sodium)-233(concentration.)]TJ 9.978 0 0 9.978 48.569 744.772 Tm (R1394)Tj 7.982 0 0 7.982 199.593 744.772 Tm [(MECHANISMS)-366(OF)-366(BLOOD)-366(PRESSURE)-366(REGULA)55(TION)]TJ ET 0 G 1 w /GS1 gs 588 18 16 756 re 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m S 0 g /GS1 gs BT /T1_5 1 Tf 0 -9 9 0 593 348.9886 Tm ( on May 20, 2008 )Tj 0 0 1 rg ET /GS1 gs BT /T1_5 1 Tf 0 -9 9 0 593 439.5285 Tm (ajpregu.physiology.org)Tj 0 g ET /GS1 gs BT /T1_5 1 Tf 0 -9 9 0 593 512.5543 Tm (Downloaded from )Tj ET endstream endobj 131 0 obj<> endobj 132 0 obj<> endobj 133 0 obj[131 0 R] endobj 134 0 obj<> endobj 138 0 obj<>stream 0 0 0 1 k 1 i /GS0 gs BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9.978 0 0 9.978 48.569 343.137 Tm [(increase)-613(from)-613(the)-613(control)-613(of)-613(142.2)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 17.715 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.446 0 Td [(0.3)-613(meq/l)-613(to)]TJ -19.161 -1.1 Td [(signi\256cantly)-240(higher)-240(levels)-240(of)-240(145.2)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 15.888 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.073 0 Td [(0.7)-240(meq/l)-240(on)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 5.76 0 Td [(day)-240(2)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf -22.721 -1.1 Td [(and)-523(146.8)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 5.289 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.356 0 Td [(0.8)-523(meq/l)-523(on)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 6.609 0 Td [(day)-523(3)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 3.288 0 Td [(of)-523(the)-523(test.)-523(These)]TJ -16.542 -1.1 Td 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[(Laboratories,)-589(Uptown,)-589(NY)111(.)-589(They)-589(instrumented)-589(rats)]TJ 26.4 42.288 Td [(with)-349(chronic)-349(arterial)-349(and)-349(venous)-349(catheters)-349(and)-349(servo-)]TJ 0 -1.15 TD [(controlled)-545(body)-545(weight)-545(constant)-545(during)-545(intravenous)]TJ T* [(administration)-416(of)-416(a)-416(low-salt)-416(input)-416(\(1)-416(meq/day\))-416(and)-416(a)]TJ T* [(high-salt)-400(input)-400(\(20)-400(meq/day\))-400(for)-400(4)-400(days.)-400(Body)-400(weight)]TJ T* [(was)-228(servo-controlled)-228(at)-228(its)-228(initial)-228(value)-228(by)-228(continuously)]TJ 0 -1.15 TD [(weighing)-287(the)-287(rat)-287(on)-287(an)-287(electronic)-287(balance)-287(and)-287(infusing)]TJ T* [(water)-247(and)-247(salt)-247(intravenously)-247(at)-247(the)-247(rate)-247(of)-247(body)-247(weight)]TJ T* [(decline.)-365(W)37(ith)-365(body)-365(weight)-365(not)-365(controlled,)-365(the)-365(intrave-)]TJ T* [(nous)-317(administration)-317(of)-317(the)-317(high)-317(salt)-317(for)-317(4)-317(days)-317(caused)]TJ T* [(the)-271(body)-271(weight,)-271(plasma)-271(volume,)-271(and)-271(cardiac)-271(output)-271(of)]TJ T* [(both)-333(the)-333(Dahl)-333(S)-333(and)-333(Dahl)-333(R)-333(rats)-333(to)-333(increase,)-333(but)-333(only)]TJ T* [(the)-299(S)-299(rats)-299(exhibited)-299(increased)-299(arterial)-299(pressure)-299(on)-299(the)]TJ T* [(high)-222(salt)-222(\(27)-222(mmHg\).)-168(Arterial)-222(pressure)-222(did)-222(not)-222(increase)]TJ 0 -1.14 TD [(in)-331(the)-331(Dahl)-331(R)-331(rats)-331(because)-331(total)-331(peripheral)-331(resistance)]TJ T* [(decreased.)-243(When)-243(body)-243(weight)-243(was)-243(servo-controlled)-243(at)-243(a)]TJ T* [(constant)-233(value)-233(\(thus)-233(avoiding)-233(body)-233(\257uid)-233(volume)-233(expan-)]TJ T* [(sion\),)-373(the)-373(intravenous)-373(administration)-373(of)-373(the)-373(high)-373(salt)]TJ T* [(load)-348(did)-348(not)-348(cause)-348(the)-348(arterial)-348(pressure)-348(of)-348(the)-348(Dahl)-348(S)]TJ T* [(rats)-315(to)-315(increase.)-315(From)-315(these)-315(results,)-315(Greene)-315(et)-315(al.)-315(\(1)55(1\))]TJ 0 -1.14 TD [(concluded)-206(that)-206(`)18(`\257uid)-206(retention)-206(is)-206(required)-206(to)-206(trigger)-206(the)]TJ T* [(rise)-261(of)-261(pressure)-261(in)-261(Dahl)-261(S)-261(rats.')18(')-206(It)-261(is)-261(apparent)-261(that)-261(this)]TJ T* [(result)-222(is)-222(explicitly)-222(consistent)-222(with)-222(the)-222(Guyton-Coleman)]TJ T* [(model.)-532(That)-532(is,)-532(the)-532(blood)-532(pressure)-532(response)-532(to)-532(salt)]TJ T* [(appears)-233(to)-233(be)-233(volume)-233(dependent)-233(in)-233(Dahl)-233(S)-233(rats.)]TJ 1 -1.14 Td [(The)-339(purpose)-339(of)-339(the)-339(present)-339(study)-339(was)-339(to)-339(once)-339(again)]TJ -1 -1.14 Td [(evaluate)-250(the)-250(volume)-250(dependence)-250(of)-250(salt-induced)-250(hyper)18(-)]TJ 0 -1.14 TD [(tension)-241(in)-241(Dahl)-241(S)-241(rats.)-241(This)-241(time,)-241(however)74(,)-241(the)-241(salt)-241(and)]TJ T* [(water)-642(challenges)-642(were)-642(delivered)-642(orally)-642(while)-642(body)]TJ T* [(weight)-453(was)-453(either)-453(allowed)-453(to)-453(increase)-453(or)-453(while)-453(body)]TJ T* [(weight)-516(was)-516(held)-516(constant.)-516(Our)-516(view)-516(is)-516(that,)-516(in)-516(the)]TJ T* [(physiological)-254(sense,)-254(oral)-254(presentation)-254(of)-254(salt)-254(and)-254(water)]TJ 0 -1.14 TD [(represents)-426(a)-426(more)-426(meaningful)-426(route)-426(of)-426(delivery)-426(com-)]TJ T* [(pared)-521(with)-521(the)-521(intravenous)-521(route)-521(because)-521(no)-521(re\257ex)]TJ T* [(paths)-405(that)-405(regulate)-405(salt)-405(and)-405(water)-405(homeostasis)-405(have)]TJ T* [(been)-359(bypassed.)-359(Numerous)-359(studies)-359(have)-359(demonstrated)]TJ 0 -1.14 TD [(the)-410(potential)-410(for)-410(hepatic)-410(and)-410(gastrointestinal)-410(mecha-)]TJ T* [(nisms)-444(to)-444(in\257uence)-444(salt)-444(and)-444(water)-444(excretion)-444(\(20,)-444(23\),)]TJ T* [(although)-262(the)-262(role)-262(of)-262(the)-262(hepatic)-262(receptors)-262(in)-262(regulating)]TJ ET q 240.2098999 0 0 312.9998932 54.303299 415.0686035 cm /Im0 Do Q BT /T1_0 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 48.569 403.345 Tm [(Fig.)-372(6.)-556(Changes)-372(in)-372(MAP)129(,)-372([Na)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 5.488 0 0 5.488 158.627 405.839 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 163.199 403.345 Tm [(]p,)-372(body)-372(weight)-372(gain,)-372(salt)-372(and)-372(water)]TJ -14.36 -1.125 Td [(intake)-226(in)-226(SR/Jr)-226(rats)-226(that)-226(were)-226(on)-226(high-salt)-226(\(4%)-226(NaCl\))-226(diet)-226(while)-226(their)]TJ 0 -1.125 TD [(body)-233(weight)-233(was)-233(controlled)-233(constant)-233(during)-233(4)-233(days)-233(of)-233(experiments.)]TJ 9.978 0 0 9.978 48.569 267.063 Tm [(T)62(able)-250(2.)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 4.116 0 Td [(V)129(alues)-250(for)-250(PV)140(,)-250(CVP)129(,)-250(Hct,)-250(and)-250([K)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 6.486 0 1.006 6.486 232.158 270.057 Tm (1)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 9.978 0 0 9.978 238.116 267.063 Tm [(]p)-250(for)-250(all)-250(groups)-250(of)-250(rats)-250(during)-250(4)-250(consecutive)-250(days)]TJ -18.997 -1.1 Td (\()Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 9.978 0 1.551 9.978 51.891 256.087 Tm (2)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 9.978 0 0 9.978 60.202 256.087 Tm [(3)-250(to)-250(0\))-250(on)-250(low-salt)-250(diet)]TJ ET 0 0 0 1 K 0.499 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 48.569 250.308 m 563.431 250.308 l 48.569 247.813 m 563.431 247.813 l 48.569 73.928 m 563.428 73.928 l 48.569 224.096 m 563.428 224.096 l S BT /T1_0 1 Tf 6.985 0 0 6.985 62.751 229.334 Tm (Day)Tj 14.473 1.143 Td [(S,)-250(4%)-250(NaCl,)]TJ -1.457 -1.143 Td [(no)-250(body)-250(wt)-250(control)]TJ 13.65 1.143 Td [(S,)-250(4%)-250(NaCl,)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf -1.194 -1.143 Td (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(body)-250(wt)-250(control)]TJ 12.136 1.143 Td [(S,)-250(0.2%)-250(NaCl,)]TJ -1.041 -1.143 Td [(no)-250(body)-250(wt)-250(control)]TJ 13.233 1.143 Td [(S,)-250(0.2%)-250(NaCl,)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf -0.777 -1.143 Td (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(body)-250(wt)-250(control)]TJ 12.243 1.143 Td [(R,)-250(4%)-250(NaCl,)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf -1.148 -1.143 Td (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(body)-250(wt)-250(control)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 7.982 0 1.242 7.982 63.74 213.868 Tm (2)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 70.388 213.868 Tm (3)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.668 Tc 4.233 0 Td [(P)9668(V)1685(\320\320\320\320)231(\320)]TJ 0 Tc T* (CVP)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.982 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.80)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (2.36)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.94)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.12)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.3)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.603 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.98)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.5)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td [(Hct)-6149(36.9)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.872 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.3)-6277(38.9)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.3)-6277(43.1)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(2.0)-6277(38.5)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.5)-6046(40.4)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.7)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td ([K)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 5.488 0 0 5.488 113.046 189.422 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 118.063 186.928 Tm [(]p)-5169(4.63)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 8.133 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.09)-5721(4.72)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.21)-5721(4.65)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.10)-5775(5.1)55(1)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.07)-5490(4.47)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.12)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.982 0 1.242 7.982 63.74 177.948 Tm (2)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 70.388 177.948 Tm (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 4.233 0 Td [(PV)-6982(6.3)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.872 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.4)-6833(6.3)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.5)-6833(6.2)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.2)-6833(7.6)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.3)-6602(5.2)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.1)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td (CVP)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.982 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.70)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (0.80)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.8)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.59)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (0.86)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.603 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (2.57)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.5)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td [(Hct)-6149(37.8)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.872 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.6)-6277(37.8)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.7)-6277(41.2)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.2)-6277(36.2)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.4)-6046(39.2)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.4)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td ([K)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 5.488 0 0 5.488 113.046 153.502 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 118.063 151.007 Tm [(]p)-5169(4.56)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 8.133 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.06)-5721(4.38)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.06)-5721(4.36)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.1)55(1)-5775(4.55)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.12)-5490(4.14)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.09)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.982 0 1.242 7.982 63.74 142.027 Tm (2)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 70.388 142.027 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.668 Tc 4.233 0 Td [(P)9668(V)1685(\320\320\320\320)231(\320)]TJ 0 Tc T* (CVP)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.982 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.40)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.2)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (0.67)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.7)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (2.43)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.3)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.39)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.3)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.603 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.68)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.6)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td [(Hct)-6149(37.9)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.872 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.3)-6277(38.1)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.7)-6277(42.0)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.3)-6277(36.8)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.4)-6046(40.8)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.4)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td ([K)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 5.488 0 0 5.488 113.046 117.581 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 118.063 115.087 Tm [(]p)-5169(4.69)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 8.133 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.17)-5721(4.59)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.08)-5721(4.81)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.07)-5721(4.84)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.10)-5490(4.33)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.15)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf -57.493 -1.125 Td (0)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.668 Tc 4.233 0 Td [(P)9668(V)1685(\320\320\320\320)231(\320)]TJ 0 Tc T* (CVP)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.982 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.00)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.5)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.24)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.7)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.98)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.5)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.41)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.2)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.603 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.97)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.3)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td [(Hct)-6149(37.9)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.872 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.1)-6277(38.5)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(2.1)-6277(40.6)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.6)-6277(37.3)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.5)-6046(39.5)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.5)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td ([K)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 5.488 0 0 5.488 113.046 81.66 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 118.063 79.166 Tm [(]p)-5169(4.79)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 8.133 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.13)-5721(4.62)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.05)-5721(4.64)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.07)-5721(4.99)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.08)-5490(4.22)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.15)Tj -59.226 -1.933 Td [(V)92(alues)-243(are)-243(means)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 8.323 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.076 0 Td [(SE)-243(in)-243(ml/100)-243(g)-243(body)-243(wt)-243(for)-243(plasma)-243(volume)-243(\(PV\),)-243(cmH)]TJ 5.488 0 0 5.488 324.835 62.487 Tm (2)Tj 7.982 0 0 7.982 327.886 63.734 Tm [(O)-243(for)-243(central)-243(venous)-243(pressure)-243(\(CVP\),)-243(%)-243(for)-243(hematocrit)-243(\(Hct\),)-243(and)]TJ -34.992 -1.125 Td [(meq/l)-282(for)-282(plasma)-282(potassium)-282(concentration)-282(\([K)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 5.488 0 0 5.488 216.962 57.248 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 221.978 54.754 Tm [(]p\).)-282(Body)-282(weight)-282(was)-282(not)-282(controlled)-282(in)-282(any)-282(of)-282(the)-282(groups,)-282(but)-282(headings)-282(indicate)-282(which)-282(groups)]TJ -21.724 -1.125 Td [(had)-233(body)-233(wt)-233(controlled,)-233(or)-233(not)-233(controlled,)-233(on)-233(subsequent)-233(4)-233(days)-233(\(see)-233(T)62(able)-278(3\).)]TJ 9.978 0 0 9.978 534.05 744.772 Tm (R1397)Tj 7.982 0 0 7.982 199.593 744.772 Tm [(MECHANISMS)-366(OF)-366(BLOOD)-366(PRESSURE)-366(REGULA)55(TION)]TJ ET 0 G 1 w /GS1 gs 588 18 16 756 re 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m S 0 g /GS1 gs BT /T1_3 1 Tf 0 -9 9 0 593 348.9886 Tm ( on May 20, 2008 )Tj 0 0 1 rg ET /GS1 gs BT /T1_3 1 Tf 0 -9 9 0 593 439.5285 Tm (ajpregu.physiology.org)Tj 0 g ET /GS1 gs BT /T1_3 1 Tf 0 -9 9 0 593 512.5543 Tm (Downloaded from )Tj ET endstream endobj 155 0 obj<> endobj 156 0 obj<> endobj 157 0 obj[155 0 R] endobj 158 0 obj<> endobj 162 0 obj<>stream 0 0 0 1 k 1 i /GS0 gs BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9.978 0 0 9.978 48.569 493.121 Tm [(arterial)-550(pressure)-550(in)-550(response)-550(to)-550(changes)-550(in)-550(dietary)]TJ 0 -1.1 TD [(NaCl)-233(has)-233(been)-233(questioned)-233(\(2\).)]TJ 1 -1.1 Td [(As)-333(expected,)-334(4)-333(days)-333(of)-334(high-salt)-333(diet)-334(increased)-333(arte-)]TJ -1 -1.1 Td [(rial)-206(pressure)-206(31.4)-206(mmHg)-206(with)-206(no)-206(body)-206(weight)-206(control)-206(in)]TJ T* [(S)-385(rats)-385(\(Fig.)-385(2\).)-385(Similarly)111(,)-385(when)-385(body)-385(weight)-385(was)-385(con-)]TJ 0 -1.1 TD [(trolled)-335(at)-335(zero)-335(change,)-335(4)-335(days)-335(of)-335(salt)-335(diet)-335(produced)-335(an)]TJ T* [(increase)-409(of)-409(arterial)-409(pressure)-409(of)-409(33.3)-409(mmHg)-409(in)-409(S)-409(rats)]TJ T* [(\(Fig.)-384(3\).)-384(These)-384(data)-384(support)-384(the)-384(hypothesis)-384(that)-384(salt-)]TJ T* [(induced)-424(hypertension)-424(in)-424(S)-424(rats)-424(is)-424(not)-424(volume)-424(depen-)]TJ T* [(dent.)-257(Several)-257(other)-257(\256ndings)-257(of)-257(our)-257(study)-257(are)-257(consonant)]TJ T* [(with)-583(volume)-583(not)-583(being)-583(an)-583(obligatory)-583(step)-583(for)-583(salt-)]TJ T* [(mediated)-474(hypertension)-474(in)-474(S)-474(rats.)-474(First,)-474(body)-474(weight)]TJ T* [(was)-211(controlled)-211(very)-211(close)-211(to)-211(zero)-211(change)-211(from)-211(day)-211(to)-211(day)]TJ T* [(\(Figs.)-238(3,)-238(5,)-238(and)-238(6\).)-238(The)-238(absolute)-238(daily)-238(changes)-238(averaged)]TJ T* [(only)-426(0.283)-426(g,)-426(with)-426(a)-426(range)-426(of)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 14.388 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(0.5)-426(to)-426(0.6)-426(g.)-426(Because)]TJ -15.221 -1.1 Td [(these)-273(S)-273(rats)-273(were,)-273(on)-273(average,)-273(gaining)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 17.858 0 Td (,)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(4.6)-273(g/day)-273(with)]TJ -18.691 -1.1 Td [(body)-338(weight)-338(not)-338(controlled,)-338(the)-338(control)-338(of)-338(body)-338(weight)]TJ 0 -1.1 TD [(at)-212(essentially)-212(zero)-212(change)-212(represents)-212(an)-212(over)-212(correction)]TJ T* [(and)-457(a)-457(decline)-457(in)-457(total)-457(body)-457(\257uid)-457(volume.)-457(Second,)-457(as)]TJ T* [(shown)-559(in)-559(T)62(able)-559(3,)-559(plasma)-559(volume,)-559(hematocrit,)-559(and)]TJ 26.4 20.9 Td [(central)-230(venous)-230(pressure)-230(did)-230(not)-230(change)-230(in)-230(response)-230(to)-230(4)]TJ 0 -1.12 TD [(days)-281(of)-281(high-salt)-281(diet)-281(in)-281(any)-281(of)-281(the)-281(groups.)-281(If)-281(volume)-281(is)]TJ T* [(an)-599(important,)-599(obligatory)-599(intermediate)-599(in)-599(the)-599(blood)]TJ T* [(pressure)-418(response)-418(to)-418(the)-418(high)-418(salt)-418(in)-418(SS/Jr)-418(rats,)-418(one)]TJ T* [(would)-331(predict)-331(a)-331(signi\256cant)-331(increase)-331(in)-331(plasma)-331(volume)]TJ 0 -1.12 TD [(and)-250(central)-250(venous)-250(pressure)-250(and)-250(a)-250(decrease)-250(in)-250(hemato-)]TJ T* [(crit)-272(\(or)-272(at)-272(least)-272(a)-272(tendency)-272(for)-272(change)-272(in)-272(one)-272(or)-272(more)-272(of)]TJ T* [(these)-341(variables\).)-341(Thus)-341(these)-341(data)-341(support)-341(the)-341(hypoth-)]TJ T* [(esis)-259(that,)-259(at)-259(least)-259(in)-259(SS/Jr)-259(rats,)-259(volume)-259(retention)-259(is)-259(not)]TJ T* [(an)-278(obligatory)-278(step)-278(in)-278(the)-278(pressure)-278(increase)-278(subsequent)]TJ T* [(to)-396(an)-396(oral)-396(increase)-396(in)-396(salt)-396(intake.)-396(Dobes)]TJ 18.766 0 Td [(\303)-65(ova)]TJ 1.546 0 Td [(\302)-507(et)-396(al.)-396(\(4\))]TJ -20.312 -1.12 Td [(also)-227(concluded)-227(that)-227(hypertension)-227(produced)-227(by)-227(a)-227(4%)-227(salt)]TJ T* [(diet)-232(can)-232(occur)-232(in)-231(SS/Jr)-232(rats)-232(\(obtained)-232(from)-231(the)-232(colony)-232(of)]TJ T* [(John)-280(Rapp)-280(at)-280(the)-280(Medical)-280(College)-280(of)-280(Ohio,)-280(T)92(oledo,)-280(OH\))]TJ T* [(without)-374(expansion)-374(of)-374(intravascular)-374(or)-374(interstitial)-374(vol-)]TJ T* [(umes.)-291(Because)-291(we)-291(studied)-291(inbred)-291(Dahl)-291(rat)-291(strains)-291(and)]TJ 0 -1.12 TD [(Greene)-303(et)-303(al.)-303(\(1)55(1\))-303(used)-303(outbred)-303(Brookhaven)-303(Dahl)-303(rats,)]TJ T* [(the)-233(di)10(f)28(ference)-233(in)-233(results)-233(between)-233(the)-233(studies)-233(might)-233(also)]TJ T* [(be)-462(contributed)-462(to)-462(by)-462(genetic)-462(di)10(f)28(ferences)-462(between)-462(the)]TJ T* [(animals)-233(used.)]TJ 1 -1.12 Td [(In)-283(contrast,)-284(the)-283(data)-283(support)-283(a)-283(role)-284(for)-284(a)-283(more)-283(direct)]TJ -1 -1.12 Td [(e)10(f)28(fect)-446(of)-446(salt)-446(that)-446(in\257uences)-446(blood)-446(pressure)-446(indepen-)]TJ T* [(dent)-428(of)-428(the)-428(in\257uence)-428(of)-428(salt)-428(on)-428(volume.)-373(As)-428(shown)-428(in)]TJ T* [(Figs.)-254(2)-254(and)-254(3,)-254(blood)-254(pressure)-254(increased)-254(in)-254(response)-254(to)-254(4)]TJ T* [(days)-585(of)-585(high-salt)-585(diet)-585(only)-585(in)-585(the)-585(rats)-585(that)-585(had)-585(a)]TJ T* [(concomitant)-267(increase)-267(in)-267(the)-267(concentration)-267(of)-267(sodium)-267(in)]TJ T* [(the)-238(plasma)-238(\(SS/Jr)-238(rats)-238(with)-238(body)-238(weight)-238(controlled)-238(and)]TJ T* [(SS/Jr)-228(rats)-228(with)-228(no)-228(body)-228(weight)-228(control\).)-228(Figure)-228(7)-228(shows)]TJ T* [(the)-318(positive)-318(association)-318(between)-318(arterial)-318(pressure)-318(and)]TJ T* [(plasma)-489(sodium)-489(concentration)-489(in)-489(the)-489(SS/Jr)-489(rats)-489(that)]TJ T* [(were)-224(on)-224(high)-224(salt)-224(for)-224(4)-224(days)-224(both)-224(with)-224(and)-224(without)-224(body)]TJ T* [(weight)-454(control.)-399(Approximately)-454(73%)-454(\()]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 17.5 0 Td (r)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.898 0 Td (5)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.287 0 Td [(0.85\))-454(of)-454(the)]TJ -19.684 -1.12 Td [(variation)-296(in)-296(plasma)-296(sodium)-296(concentration)-296(and)-296(arterial)]TJ T* [(pressure)-299(was)-299(associated)-299(positively)111(.)-299(Other)-299(studies)-299(have)]TJ T* [(shown)-651(that)-651(directly)-651(mediated)-651(increases)-651(in)-651(plasma)]TJ 0 -1.11 TD [(sodium)-322(can)-322(increase)-322(arterial)-322(blood)-322(pressure)-322(in)-322(rats)-322(by)]TJ T* [(mechanisms)-455(that)-455(are)-455(apparently)-455(not)-455(related)-455(to)-455(\257uid)]TJ T* [(volume)-233(changes)-233(\(4,)-233(8,)-233(9\).)]TJ 1 -1.11 Td [(The)-226(daily)-226(changes)-226(in)-226(body)-226(weight)-226(in)-226(the)-226(SS/Jr)-226(rats)-226(on)]TJ -1 -1.11 Td [(4)-271(days)-271(of)-271(low-salt)-271(diet)-271(and)-271(then)-271(4)-271(days)-271(of)-271(high-salt)-271(diet)]TJ -26.4 66.447 Td [(T)62(able)-250(3.)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 4.116 0 Td [(V)129(alues)-250(for)-250(PV)140(,)-250(CVP)129(,)-250(Hct,)-250(and)-250([K)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 6.486 0 1.006 6.486 232.158 723.818 Tm (1)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 9.978 0 0 9.978 238.116 720.825 Tm [(]p)-250(in)-250(5)-250(groups)-250(of)-250(rats)]TJ ET 0 0 0 1 K 0.499 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d 48.569 715.045 m 563.431 715.045 l 48.569 712.55 m 563.431 712.55 l 48.569 538.665 m 563.428 538.665 l 48.569 688.833 m 563.428 688.833 l S BT /T1_0 1 Tf 6.985 0 0 6.985 62.751 694.071 Tm (Day)Tj 14.473 1.143 Td [(S,)-250(4%)-250(NaCl,)]TJ -1.457 -1.143 Td [(no)-250(body)-250(wt)-250(control)]TJ 13.65 1.143 Td [(S,)-250(4%)-250(NaCl,)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf -1.194 -1.143 Td (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(body)-250(wt)-250(control)]TJ 12.136 1.143 Td [(S,)-250(0.2%)-250(NaCl,)]TJ -1.041 -1.143 Td [(no)-250(body)-250(wt)-250(control)]TJ 13.233 1.143 Td [(S,)-250(0.2%)-250(NaCl,)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf -0.777 -1.143 Td (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(body)-250(wt)-250(control)]TJ 12.243 1.143 Td [(R,)-250(4%)-250(NaCl,)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf -1.148 -1.143 Td (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(body)-250(wt)-250(control)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 67.065 678.606 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 4.649 0 Td [(PV)-6732(6.2)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.622 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.4)-6833(6.1)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.5)-7083(6.6)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.974 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.2)-6833(7.3)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.3)-6602(5.3)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.1)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td (CVP)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.732 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.31)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.3)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (0.62)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.084 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.98)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.5)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.74)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.3)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.603 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (2.17)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.6)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td [(Hct)-5899(37.7)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.622 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.2)-6277(37.2)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(2.0)-6527(39.8)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.974 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.8)-6277(36.7)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.7)-6046(38.9)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.5)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td ([K)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 5.488 0 0 5.488 113.046 654.16 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 118.063 651.665 Tm [(]p)-4919(4.02)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 7.883 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.12*)-5221(3.94)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.08*)-5471(4.47)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.974 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.09)-5721(4.72)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.10)-5490(3.89)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.10)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf -57.909 -1.125 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.668 Tc 4.649 0 Td [(P)9668(V)1685(\320\320\320\320)231(\320)]TJ 0 Tc 0 -1.125 TD (CVP)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.732 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.67)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.84)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.084 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.88)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.60)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.603 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.72)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.3)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td [(Hct)-5899(38.9)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.622 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.3)-6277(37.5)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.9)-6527(40.1)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.974 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.8)-6277(38.1)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.5)-6046(39.1)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (1.0)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td ([K)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 5.488 0 0 5.488 113.046 618.239 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 118.063 615.745 Tm [(]p)-4919(4.07)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 7.883 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.14*)-5221(3.91)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.09*)-5471(4.54)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.974 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.08)-5721(4.95)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.08)-5490(4.09)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.1)55(1)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf -57.909 -1.125 Td (3)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.668 Tc 4.649 0 Td [(P)9668(V)1685(\320\320\320\320)231(\320)]TJ 0 Tc T* (CVP)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.732 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.45)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.3)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.22)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.084 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.66)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.6)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.38)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.603 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (2.15)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.6)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td [(Hct)-5899(39.5)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.622 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.1)-6277(37.7)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.6)-6527(39.8)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.974 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.8)-6277(38.6)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.6)-6046(39.1)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (1.2)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td ([K)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 5.488 0 0 5.488 113.046 582.318 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 118.063 579.824 Tm [(]p)-4919(4.10)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 7.883 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.14*)-5221(3.88)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.06*)-5471(4.55)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.974 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.17)-5721(4.86)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.13)-5490(4.04)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.08)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf -57.909 -1.125 Td (4)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 4.649 0 Td [(PV)-6732(5.9)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.622 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.5)-6833(6.5)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.8)-7083(6.7)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.974 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.4)-6833(7.2)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.3)-6602(5.5)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.4)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td (CVP)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.732 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (2.38)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.5)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.48)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 7.639 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (2.4)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.501 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.3)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.834 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (1.56)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.3)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 6.603 0 Td (2)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td (2.08)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 2.057 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.4)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td [(Hct)-5899(39.4)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.622 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.1)-6277(37.4)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.5)-6527(39.0)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.974 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(1.8)-6277(38.4)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.5)-6046(38.4)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (1.3)Tj -53.259 -1.125 Td ([K)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 5.488 0 0 5.488 113.046 546.398 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 118.063 543.903 Tm [(]p)-4919(4.03)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 7.883 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.12*)-5221(4.07)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.1)55(1*)-5525(4.35)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.974 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.10)-5721(4.73)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.724 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.07)-5490(4.16)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.493 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td (0.08)Tj -59.226 -1.933 Td [(V)92(alues)-314(are)-314(means)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 8.534 0 Td (6)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.147 0 Td [(SE.)-314(Units)-314(of)-314(measure)-314(are)-314(same)-314(as)-314(for)-314(T)62(able)-314(2.)-314(*)-111(Signi\256cantly)-314(di)10(f)28(ferent)-314(from)-313(values)-314(of)-314(control)-314(\()]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 43.563 0 Td (P)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.778 0 Td (,)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.944 0 Td [(0.05\).)-314(Three)-314(of)-314(the)]TJ -55.967 -1.125 Td [(groups)-233(were)-233(switched)-233(to)-233(a)-233(high-salt)-233(diet)-233(with)-233(body)-233(weight)-233(either)-233(controlled)-233(or)-233(not)-233(controlled.)]TJ ET q 252 0 0 178 48.5688019 87.5167999 cm /Im0 Do Q BT /T1_0 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 48.569 75.708 Tm [(Fig.)-225(7.)-556(Linear)-225(regression)-225(of)-225(relationship)-225(between)-225(MAP)-207(and)-225([Na)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 5.488 0 0 5.488 279.063 78.202 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 7.982 0 0 7.982 283.635 75.708 Tm [(]p)-225(in)]TJ -29.448 -1.125 Td [(SS/Jr)-369(rats)-369(that)-369(were)-369(on)-369(high-salt)-369(diet)-369(while)-369(their)-369(body)-369(weight)-369(was)]TJ T* [(either)-233(controlled)-233(or)-233(not)-233(controlled)-233(\()]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 15.882 0 Td (r)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.677 0 Td (5)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.066 0 Td (0.85,)Tj /T1_3 1 Tf 2.456 0 Td (P)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 0.899 0 Td (,)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1.066 0 Td (0.001\).)Tj 9.978 0 0 9.978 48.569 744.772 Tm (R1398)Tj 7.982 0 0 7.982 199.593 744.772 Tm [(MECHANISMS)-366(OF)-366(BLOOD)-366(PRESSURE)-366(REGULA)55(TION)]TJ ET 0 G 1 w /GS1 gs 588 18 16 756 re 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m 0 0 m S 0 g /GS1 gs BT /T1_4 1 Tf 0 -9 9 0 593 348.9886 Tm ( on May 20, 2008 )Tj 0 0 1 rg ET /GS1 gs BT /T1_4 1 Tf 0 -9 9 0 593 439.5285 Tm (ajpregu.physiology.org)Tj 0 g ET /GS1 gs BT /T1_4 1 Tf 0 -9 9 0 593 512.5543 Tm (Downloaded from )Tj ET endstream endobj 163 0 obj<> endobj 164 0 obj<> endobj 165 0 obj[163 0 R] endobj 166 0 obj<> endobj 170 0 obj<>stream 0 0 0 1 k 1 i /GS0 gs BT /T1_0 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9.978 0 0 9.978 48.569 720.825 Tm [(are)-491(shown)-491(in)-491(Fig.)-491(2)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 9.704 0 Td (C)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.722 0 Td [(.)-491(Each)-491(day)-491(the)-491(rats)-491(gained)-491(on)]TJ -10.426 -1.1 Td (average)Tj /T1_2 1 Tf 4.233 0 Td (,)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(5)-603(g.)-603(It)-603(is)-603(interesting)-603(that)-603(there)-603(was)-603(no)]TJ -5.066 -1.1 Td [(increase)-424(in)-424(the)-424(rate)-424(of)-424(change)-424(in)-424(body)-424(weight)-424(subse-)]TJ 0 -1.1 TD [(quent)-248(to)-248(the)-248(start)-248(of)-248(the)-248(high-salt)-248(diet,)-248(even)-248(though)-248(the)]TJ T* [(salt)-344(intake)-344(increased)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 10.125 0 Td (,)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.833 0 Td [(18.7-fold)-344(and)-344(the)-344(water)-344(intake)]TJ -10.958 -1.1 Td [(increased)-582(almost)-582(threefold.)-582(Presumably,)-582(this)-582(means)]TJ 0 -1.1 TD [(that)-287(there)-287(was)-287(no)-287(major)-287(change)-287(in)-287(total)-287(body)-287(\257uid)-287(and)]TJ T* [(that)-389(the)-389(increased)-389(water)-389(intake)-389(was)-389(excreted)-389(rapidly)]TJ T* [(with)-316(no)-316(change)-316(in)-316(water)-316(balance)-316(from)-316(day)-316(to)-316(day)-316(\(17\).)]TJ T* [(This)-590(result)-590(is)-590(consistent)-590(with)-590(a)-590(lack)-590(of)-590(signi\256cant)]TJ T* [(change)-620(in)-620(plasma)-620(volume,)-620(hematocrit,)-620(and)-620(central)]TJ T* [(venous)-282(pressure.)-282(Presumably,)-282(the)-282(15.8-mmHg)-282(increase)]TJ T* [(in)-426(arterial)-426(pressure)-426(that)-426(occurred)-426(on)-426(the)-426(\256rst)-426(day)-426(of)]TJ T* [(high-salt)-317(diet)-317(\(Fig.)-317(2\))-317(was)-317(one)-317(of)-317(the)-317(mechanisms)-317(that)]TJ T* [(allowed)-475(a)-475(rapid)-475(excretion)-475(of)-475(water)-475(such)-475(that)-475(we)-475(re-)]TJ T* [(corded)-233(no)-233(change)-233(in)-233(the)-233(rate)-233(of)-233(body)-233(weight)-233(gain)-233(\(28\).)]TJ 1 -1.1 Td [(The)-333(role)-333(of)-333(volume)-333(expansion)-333(in)-333(the)-333(development)-333(of)]TJ -1 -1.1 Td [(hypertension)-253(was)-253(originally)-253(predicted)-253(from)-253(a)-253(computer)]TJ 0 -1.1 TD [(model)-407(of)-407(the)-407(circulation)-407(\(13,)-407(14\).)-407(Guyton')37(s)-407(laboratory)]TJ T* [(produced)-336(evidence)-336(for)-336(the)-336(role)-336(of)-336(volume)-336(expansion)-336(in)]TJ T* [(hypertension)-207(by)-207(demonstrating)-207(that)-207(body)-207(\257uid)-207(volumes)]TJ T* [(and)-228(cardiac)-228(output)-228(increased)-228(along)-228(with)-228(blood)-228(pressure)]TJ T* [(during)-214(the)-214(development)-214(of)-214(hypertension)-214(\(for)-214(review)92(,)-214(see)]TJ T* [(Ref.)-206(15\).)-206(However)74(,)-206(other)-206(laboratories)-206(that)-206(examined)-206(the)]TJ T* [(sequence)-304(of)-304(changes)-304(in)-304(blood)-304(pressure,)-304(cardiac)-304(output,)]TJ T* [(and)-264(blood)-264(volume)-264(during)-264(the)-264(development)-264(of)-264(hyperten-)]TJ T* [(sion)-278(have)-278(observed)-278(contradictory)-278(results.)-278(For)-278(example,)]TJ T* [(Fletcher)-524(et)-524(al.)-524(\(6\))-524(and)-524(Kaneko)-524(et)-524(al.)-524(\(18\))-524(found)-524(no)]TJ T* [(relationship)-358(between)-358(the)-358(development)-358(of)-358(renal)-358(hyper)18(-)]TJ T* [(tension)-354(and)-354(changes)-354(in)-354(cardiac)-354(output.)-354(Ferrario)-354(et)-354(al.)]TJ 0 -1.1 TD [(\(5\))-446(and)-446(Freeman)-446(et)-446(al.)-446(\(7\))-446(observed)-446(that)-446(renal)-446(wrap)]TJ 0 -1.1 TD [(hypertension)-555(developed)-555(in)-555(dogs)-555(without)-555(changes)-555(in)]TJ T* [(plasma)-503(volume)-503(or)-503(mean)-503(circulatory)-503(\256lling)-503(pressure.)]TJ T* [(Korner)-465(\(19\))-465(has)-465(reviewed)-465(other)-465(evidence)-465(that)-465(is)-465(not)]TJ T* [(consistent)-250(with)-250(the)-250(concept)-250(that)-250(hypertension)-250(develops)]TJ T* [(as)-363(a)-363(result)-363(of)-363(a)-363(volume-dependent)-363(increase)-363(in)-363(cardiac)]TJ T* (output.)Tj 1 -1.1 Td [(Other)-250(than)-250(our)-250(study)111(,)-250(we)-250(are)-250(aware)-250(of)-250(only)-250(two)-250(other)]TJ -1 -1.1 Td [(studies)-285(in)-285(which)-285(body)-285(\257uid)-285(volumes)-285(were)-285(manipulated)]TJ T* [(directly)-275(to)-275(test)-275(the)-275(volume)-275(dependence)-275(of)-275(hypertension)]TJ T* [(in)-302(conscious)-302(animals.)-302(One)-302(study)-302(is)-302(the)-302(work)-302(of)-302(Greene)]TJ T* [(et)-641(al.)-641(\(1)55(1\))-641(cited)-641(previously)111(.)-641(The)-641(other)-641(study)111(,)-641(from)]TJ T* [(Guyton')37(s)-407(laboratory)-407(\(25\),)-407(manipulated)-407(body)-407(\257uid)-407(vol-)]TJ T* [(umes)-474(and)-474(plasma)-474(sodium)-474(concentration)-474(in)-474(sheep)-474(by)]TJ T* [(dialysis,)-343(nephrectomy)111(,)-343(and)-343(mineralocorticoid)-343(adminis-)]TJ T* [(tration.)-178(Although)-233(both)-233(these)-233(studies)-233(concluded)-233(that)-233(the)]TJ T* [(development)-637(of)-637(hypertension)-637(is)-637(volume)-637(dependent,)]TJ T* [(they)-372(were)-372(both)-372(more)-372(invasive)-372(than)-372(the)-372(present)-372(work.)]TJ T* [(Our)-636(data,)-636(obtained)-636(from)-636(intact,)-636(conscious)-636(animals)]TJ T* [(ingesting)-515(salt-containing)-515(chow)92(,)-515(appear)-515(to)-515(refute)-515(the)]TJ -0.003 Tc T* [(role)-197(of)-197(volume)-197(expansion)-197(in)-197(the)-197(Guyton-Coleman)-197(model.)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0 Tc 0 -1.949 TD (Perspectives)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 1 -1.8 Td [(If)-333(volume)-333(expansion)-333(is)-333(not)-333(an)-333(obligatory)-333(step)-333(in)-333(the)]TJ -1 -1.1 Td [(development)-362(of)-362(hypertension,)-362(how)-362(can)-362(we)-362(account)-362(for)]TJ 0 -1.1 TD [(the)-306(e)10(f)28(fect)-306(of)-306(NaCl)-306(ingestion)-306(on)-306(blood)-306(pressure)-306(in)-306(SS/Jr)]TJ T* [(rats)-402(with)-402(body)-402(weight)-402(servo-controlled?)-347(A)-347(model)-402(that)]TJ T* [(can)-423(explain)-423(our)-423(observations)-423(and)-423(suggests)-423(directions)]TJ 0 -1.1 TD [(for)-233(future)-233(experiments)-233(follows.)]TJ 1 -1.1 Td [(First,)-372(from)-372(our)-372(data,)-372(an)-372(increase)-372(in)-372(NaCl)-372(intake)-372(in)]TJ -1 -1.1 Td [(SS/Jr)-278(rats)-278(with)-278(body)-278(weight)-278(servo-controlled)-278(results)-278(in)]TJ 26.4 66.449 Td [(an)-238(increase)-238(in)-238(plasma)-238(Na)]TJ /T1_3 1 Tf 6.486 0 0 6.486 427.737 723.818 Tm (1)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 9.978 0 0 9.978 435.512 720.825 Tm [(concentration)-238(that)-238(is)-238(closely)]TJ -12.38 -1.13 Td 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[(induce)-199(a)-199(pressure)-199(diuresis.)-199(The)-199(pressure)-199(diuresis)-199(would)]TJ T* [(then)-657(decrease)-657(plasma)-657(volume)-657(and)-657(blood)-657(pressure,)]TJ T* [(counteracting)-286(the)-286(e)10(f)28(fects)-286(of)-286(cardiac)-286(output)-286(and)-286(TPR)-286(on)]TJ T* [(blood)-233(pressure.)]TJ 1 -1.13 Td [(This)-280(model)-280(di)10(f)28(fers)-280(from)-279(Guyton)-280(and)-280(Coleman')37(s)-280(origi-)]TJ -1 -1.13 Td [(nal)-648(formulation)-648(in)-648(that)-648(an)-648(increase)-648(in)-648(body)-648(\257uid)]TJ T* [(volumes)-294(is)-294(not)-294(included)-294(as)-294(an)-294(intermediate)-294(step)-294(in)-294(the)]TJ T* [(development)-626(of)-626(hypertension.)-626(However)74(,)-626(the)-626(role)-626(of)]TJ T* [(pressure)-296(diuresis)-296(is)-296(preserved)-296(in)-296(the)-296(model.)-296(There)-296(is)-296(a)]TJ 0 -1.13 TD [(large)-295(body)-295(of)-295(evidence)-295(demonstrating)-295(that)-295(the)-295(e)10(f)28(fect)-295(of)]TJ T* 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[(from)-493(increasing)-493(during)-493(vasoconstrictor)-493(infusion,)-493(i.e.,)]TJ T* [(only)-442(if)-442(a)-442(pressure)-442(diuresis)-442(is)-442(prevented.)-442(Hall)-442(et)-442(al.')37(s)]TJ T* [(work)-209(provides)-209(the)-209(basis)-209(for)-209(the)-209(fourth)-209(step)-209(of)-209(our)-209(model,)]TJ T* [(including)-204(pressure)-204(diuresis)-204(in)-204(a)-204(schema)-204(for)-204(the)-204(develop-)]TJ T* [(ment)-457(of)-457(hypertension)-457(that)-457(is)-457(due)-457(at)-457(least)-457(in)-457(part)-457(to)]TJ T* [(increased)-233(TPR.)]TJ 1 -1.12 Td [(In)-664(conclusion,)-664(our)-664(data)-664(provide)-664(no)-664(evidence)-664(for)]TJ -1 -1.12 Td [(volume)-272(increases)-272(operating)-272(as)-272(obligatory)-272(factors)-272(in)-272(the)]TJ T* [(arterial)-363(blood)-363(pressure)-363(response)-363(to)-363(a)-363(high-salt)-363(diet)-363(in)]TJ T* [(SS/Jr)-356(rats.)-301(A)-301(model)-356(has)-356(been)-356(proposed)-356(that)-356(preserves)]TJ T* 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Tc T* [(3035)-167(Arlington)-167(A)73(ve.,)-221(T)92(oledo,)-221(OH)-221(43614-5804)-221(\(E-mail:)-221(sbritton@.mco.edu\).)]TJ 0 Tc 0 -1.625 TD [(Received)-233(30)-233(June)-233(1998;)-233(accepted)-233(in)-233(\256nal)-233(form)-233(30)-233(June)-233(1999.)]TJ /T1_1 1 Tf 0 -2.25 TD (REFERENCES)Tj /T1_0 1 Tf 0.556 -1.625 Td (1.)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.39 0 Td [(Belcher)74(,)-210(E.)-210(H.,)-210(and)-210(E.)-210(B.)-210(Harris.)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 15.898 0 Td [(Studies)-210(of)-210(plasma)-210(volume,)-210(red)]TJ -15.898 -1.125 Td [(cell)-448(volume)-448(and)-448(total)-448(blood)-448(volume)-448(in)-448(young)-448(growing)-448(rats.)]TJ /T1_2 1 Tf 28.67 0 Td (J.)Tj -28.67 -1.125 Td [(Physiol.)-233(\(Lond.\))]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 7.463 0 Td [(139:)-233(64)-56(\261)-56(78,)-233(1957.)]TJ -8.853 -1.125 Td (2.)Tj /T1_1 1 Tf 1.39 0 Td [(Carlson,)-615(S.)-615(H.,)-615(J.)-615(W)111(.)-615(Osborn,)-615(and)-615(J.)-615(M.)-615(W)74(yss.)]TJ /T1_0 1 Tf 25.942 0 Td (Hepatic)Tj -25.942 -1.125 Td 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